Monday, February 03, 2025, 3:30AM |  37°
MENU
Advertisement

Let's Talk About Birds: Migrating birds

Let's Talk About Birds: Migrating birds

This is one of a series presented by the National Aviary, which works to inspire respect for nature through an appreciation of birds.

If I said, “Zugunruhe,” you might be tempted to say, “Gesundheit!” Actually, I’d be talking about bird migration.

Zugunruhe is a German word that describes the physiological state and associated “restless” behaviors of migratory birds in spring and fall. Scientists have learned that zugunruhe is brought about by hormones and caused primarily by changes in daylight hours. Lengthening days, as winter transitions to spring, and shorter days, as fall advances toward winter, trigger changes including hyperphagy (continual feeding) and the accumulation of fat deposits (used as stored energy for making long migratory flights).

Advertisement

The urge to move in a seasonally appropriate direction follows, either as night falls, as in the case of nocturnal migrants, or as dawn breaks, in the case of diurnal migrants. Nocturnal migrants mostly are small songbirds, like warblers and sparrows, while diurnal migrants include most raptors and waterfowl, swallows, swifts and hummingbirds and some larger sized songbirds, such as robins, blue jays and blackbirds.

Not surprisingly, birds that fly longer distances, to Central or South America, tend to depart or pass through Pennsylvania earlier in the fall, from August through September. Bird species that migrate shorter distances to wintering grounds within the continental U.S. do so a month or two later, in October and November.

In the Pittsburgh region right now, large flocks of mixed blackbirds (common grackles, red-winged blackbirds, brown-headed cowbirds and a few rusty blackbirds), along with European starlings, can be seen flying low over the hills or scouring the countryside for a place to rest and feed as they migrate south. Looser flocks of American robins and lines of migrating blue jays in flight also are a common sight at this time of the year.

At night, thousands of sparrows and scattered late-migrating thrushes are flying unseen overhead, the only evidence of their passage being occasional short whistles or chip notes. Their flight-calling tends to become more frequent and louder as they descend from the sky just before first light. If you happen to be up at that hour, step outside and listen overhead. After you tune out the background noise of air and ground traffic, you may hear some of the intermittent short buzzy notes or whistled “tseeps” of birds completing another leg of their migration journey.

Advertisement

In the grips of zugunruhe, they have flown nonstop for 12 hours and 300 miles or more. And when they need to stop over to rest and feed, it is vitally important that they are able to find good, safe sheltering habitats, such as parks and other green spaces that dot the landscape, and even well-treed neighborhoods and wildlife friendly backyards like yours.

 

First Published: October 29, 2014, 4:00 a.m.

RELATED
SHOW COMMENTS (0)  
Join the Conversation
Commenting policy | How to Report Abuse
If you would like your comment to be considered for a published letter to the editor, please send it to letters@post-gazette.com. Letters must be under 250 words and may be edited for length and clarity.
Partners
Advertisement
President Richard M. Nixon, who named the “Madman Theory” for scaring other nations into doing what the U.S. wanted. President Donald Trump has adopted it for his own foreign policy. Here Nixon points to transcripts of conversations in the Oval Office, which would later help force him to resign.
1
opinion
David M. Shribman: Donald Trump acts on Richard Nixon’s ‘madman theory’
PNC Bank corporate headquarters in Downtown.
2
business
PNC accused of short-changing clients in low-yield accounts
Ohio State wide receiver Emeka Egbuka catches a touchdown pass as Oregon defensive back Brandon Johnson defends during the first half in the quarterfinals of the Rose Bowl College Football Playoff, Wednesday, Jan. 1, 2025, in Pasadena, Calif.
3
sports
Brian Batko’s post-Senior Bowl Steelers 7-round mock draft: Best playmaker available
FILE - A boat is seen on the Susitna River near Talkeetna, Alaska, on Sunday, June 13, 2021, with Denali in the background. Denali, the tallest mountain on the North American continent, is located about 60 miles northwest of Talkeetna.
4
news
Alaskans say Trump can change the name of Denali but can't make people call it Mount McKinley
Allegheny County Controller Corey O'Connor and Pittsburgh Mayor Ed Gainey shake hands following the 14th Ward Independent Democratic Club’s mayoral Democratic debate at Chatham University’s Eddy Theatre in Squirrel Hill Sunday, Feb. 2,  2025.
5
news
Gainey, O'Connor spar on city spending, economic development and core services at debate at Chatham University
Advertisement
LATEST life
Advertisement
TOP
Email a Story